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Contributions to the taxonomy, biogeography, ecology and pathogens of parasites (Diptera, Acari) of Old World bats
Ševčík, Martin ; Benda, Petr (advisor) ; Stanko, Michal (referee) ; Bartonička, Tomáš (referee)
The dissertation thesis presents contributions solving several faunistic, biogeographical, taxonomic, and phylogenetic problems of selected groups of bat parasites together with surveys of potential pathogens in some representatives of these parasitic groups linked to the bats of the Old World. In the first part of the thesis, the taxonomy of prostigmata mites - chiggers (Trombiculidae) - coming from Eurasia and Africa is elaborated. Results of a detailed morphological and morphometric study are the descriptions of five new taxa belonging to four genera: Chiroptella, Grandjeana, Rudnicula, and Trombicula. At the same time, the results revise the differentiation within the group Trombicula sensu stricto, summarize the findings of species of individual genera and correct the inclusions of the originally described species within individual genera, with the final output of creating identification keys to the genera. The first sketch of the results of the study of the relations between chiggers and bats is included in this section, representing the description of the specific links among individual segments of both groups. In addition, there are studies presenting new findings and morphometric examinations of velvet mite nymphs collected from bats in Indonesia, as well as morphometric data and...
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Phylogeographic and systematic studies of selected bat taxa of the western part of the Old World
Uvizl, Marek ; Benda, Petr (advisor) ; Bryja, Josef (referee) ; Csorba, Gabor (referee)
Bats attract attention due their extraordinary adaptations including their ability to actively fly and echolocate, and extended lifespan, phenotypic diversity, etc. The phylogeny was analysed using cutting-edge molecular methods. However, the molecular revision of several species and species groups is still pending, especially those with wide distribution ranges or cryptic species complexes, even in the western part of the Old World. This specification encompasses Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa and it represents the traditional research area for Central European (Czech and Czechoslovak) bat researchers. In my PhD thesis, I aimed to revise the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of six less studied species and/or species groups of bats, using a combination of molecular and morphological phylogenetic approaches. The sequences of both mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers were generated from over 10 species. These sequences were used to construct phylogenetic trees, haplotype networks, and estimate the time of divergence of studied species. The main results of my PhD thesis were: (1) filling gaps in the knowledge of the distribution ranges of species from the M. nattereri species complex (Vespertilionidae) by including and identifying samples from the Middle East; (2)...
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Sonar design in Old World bats: patterns of specialisation
Staňková, Markéta ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Lučan, Radek (referee)
Echolocation ranks among key components of adaptive setting of bats. It enabled them to evolve a plethora of diverse foraging strategies and exploit an enormous spectrum of food resources for which they represent one of the most diversified groups of terrestrial mammals with a cosmopolitan distribution. Evolution of echolocation proceeded via responses to diverse constraints and factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, that effect particular variables of echolocation biology. The present bachelor surveys, based on literary records, briefly some of these effects and their role upon structure of bat communities. I summarize basic characteristics of echolocation types, influence of Doppler shift, strategy and use of echolocation in different environments and adaptation against defensive abilities of a prey. Among other I provide an account of history and evolution of bat detectors, the instruments essentially improving current study of that topics. Keywords: Bats, echolocation, sonar, diversity, adaptation, Old World
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The New World as a reflection of The Old world in the Comentarios Reales by Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
Mičunková, Ivana ; Poláková, Dora (advisor) ; Škodová, Denisa (referee)
Inca Garcilaso de la Vega is one of the first significant mestizo writers, born in the New World. The aim of my work is to outline, at last partially, the endeavour of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega to harmonise the Old and New World. In the inconsisitent XVI. century could appeared as very utopic. Thus I would like to zoom into the Inca's culture and society and at the same time into the European society of this era, to allow better understanding of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega's identity itself. Key words: Incas, conquist, mestizaje, transculturization, national identity, renaissance, platonism Old World, New World, harmony
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